Audiovisual Media Services in the EU. Next Generation Approach or Old Wine in New Barrels?

In this article, we analyse how the European legislator is currently responding to some of the recent changes in the media and communications environment with the adoption of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive. What is the European approach to address the challenges brought about by the technological changes in the audiovisual sector? How is the EU devising a future model for content regulation? The article also puts forward a number of critical remarks that should be taken into account in the framework of the debate on future content regulation, indicating where the AVMS Directive falls short.content regulation, audiovisual media services.

Projector - a partially typed language for querying XML

We describe Projector, a language that can be used to perform a mixture of typed and untyped computation against data represented in XML. For some problems, notably when the data is unstructured or semistructured, the most desirable programming model is against the tree structure underlying the document. When this tree structure has been used to model regular data structures, then these regular structures themselves are a more desirable programming model. The language Projector, described here in outline, gives both models within a single partially typed algebra and is well suited for hybrid applications, for example when fragments of a known structure are embedded in a document whose overall structure is unknown. Projector is an extension of ECMA-262 (aka JavaScript), and therefore inherits an untyped DOM interface. To this has been added some static typing and a dynamic projection primitive, which can be used to assert the presence of a regular structure modelled within the XML. If this structure does exist, the data is extracted and presented as a typed value within the programming language

My Private Cloud Overview: A Trust, Privacy and Security Infrastructure for the Cloud

Based on the assumption that cloud providers can be trusted (to a certain extent) we define a trust, security and privacy preserving infrastructure that relies on trusted cloud providers to operate properly. Working in tandem with legal agreements, our open source software supports: trust and reputation management, sticky policies with fine grained access controls, privacy preserving delegation of authority, federated identity management, different levels of assurance and configurable audit trails. Armed with these tools, cloud service providers are then able to offer a reliable privacy preserving infrastructure-as-a-service to their clients

An Investigation Into the Mechanisms That Allow CORBA to Preserve Strong Typing

The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a middleware specification. It aims at transparently extending programming languages to enable access to objects that are situated in different address spaces. Extending strongly typed languages raises the question whether the extension happens in a type-safe way. Claims are commonly made in the popular literature that this is indeed the case. However, this is not immediately clear from the specification. This thesis is an investigation into the different mechanisms that CORBA specifies to support remote operation invocations and a discussion of whether these mechanisms preserve type-safety for cross-boundary operation invocations. Successively, the object model, the type system, the architecture and the development process are reviewed. This is followed by a detailed investigation into the communications protocol used by CORBA, the server-side request dispatching mechanism and client-side operation invocation mechanisms. Conclusions drawn from these investigations are used to discuss type equivalence and the issues around interface evolution

OTUB1 triggers lung cancer development by inhibiting RAS monoubiquitination

Activation of the RAS oncogenic pathway, frequently ensuing from mutations in RAS genes, is a common event in human cancer. Recent reports demonstrate that reversible ubiquitination of RAS GTPases dramatically affects their activity, suggesting that enzymes involved in regulating RAS ubiquitination may contribute to malignant transformation. Here, we identified the de-ubiquitinase OTUB1 as a negative regulator of RAS mono- and di-ubiquitination. OTUB1 inhibits RAS ubiquitination independently of its catalytic activity resulting in sequestration of RAS on the plasma membrane. OTUB1 promotes RAS activation and tumorigenesis in wild-type RAS cells. An increase of OTUB1 expression is commonly observed in non-small-cell lung carcinomas harboring wild-type KRAS and is associated with increased levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, high Ki67 score, and poorer patient survival. Our results strongly indicate that dysregulation of RAS ubiquitination represents an alternative mechanism of RAS activation during lung cancer development